PAI-1 gene expression was down-regulated the most (97% of CCA tissues) (Figure 2), while expression of FUCA1, ICAM2, MDM2, p21, p53, S100A9, and WIP1 genes was down-regulated in 14 (47%; 0.13- to 0.40-fold), 17 (57%; 0.13- to 0.4-fold), 14 (47%; 0.01- to 0.31-fold), 15 (50%; 0.06- to 0.40-fold), 7 (23%; 0.05- to 0.40-fold), 14 (47%; 0.10- to 0.31-fold), and 11 (37%; 0.01- to 0.40-fold) cases, respectively (Figure 1 and Figure 2). Here, PPM1D is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.