Disc cellular autophagy has gained increasing interest, including the activation in both disc NP and AF cells in response to a variety of stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation,54, 55, 56, 57 oxidative stress,58, 59, 60 compression overload,61 inflammation,62 hyperlactatemia,63 hyperosmolarity,64 and hypoxia.65 Meanwhile, evidence regarding mTOR signaling in disc cells is still limited.64, 65, 66 Therefore, mechanistic investigations to clarify the roles played by autophagy and mTOR signaling must be conducted. Here, MTOR is linked to atrial fibrillation.