COL4A5 and infection: Genes that were upregulated 2- to 3-fold in sample 1 included: HGE1_03697, encoding Ats-1, which is imported to mitochondria, inhibits apoptosis and induces autophagosome formation (26); HGE1_01090, encoding Asp14, which is surface-expressed and critical for infection (31); and HGE1_03902, encoding AipA, an invasin necessary for infection of mammalian cells (25).