In vivo, DIAPH1 has been linked to numerous in vivo settings in which RAGE ligands and RAGE have been implicated, such as neointimal expansion after vessel injury, hypoxia-mediated damage, myocardial ischemia, diabetes-associated nephropathy, cancer, responses to infection (such as Listeria monocytogenes), and immune/inflammatory responses (25–33). This evidence concerns the gene AGER and infection.