miR-146a/b, which is increased during viral infections in general (Taganov et al., 2006), and HIV in particular (Huang et al., 2018), has been shown to downregulate the NF-κB pathway by targeting the TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (Paik et al., 2011). The gene discussed is TRAF6; the disease is viral infectious disease.