IRAK1 and Hepatitis: Also, evidence suggest that the expression of miR-146 and miR-21 is increased in HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, leading to a decrease in the expression of Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase 1 (IRAK1), thus reducing the NF-κB activity (Bhaumik et al., 2008; Houzet et al., 2008).