Anodal stimulation also modulated pannexin-1 (PX1) hemichannel levels [85, 86] and, following an ischemic insult, neurostimulation decreased rat PX1 mRNA and, consequently, augmented dendritic spine density in the surrounding areas of cerebral infarction; these cellular outcomes were associated with the improvement of motor function [85]. The gene discussed is PANX1; the disease is brain infarction.