Compared with individuals with TSC1 pathogenic of likely pathogenic variants, NMI individuals had more retinal hamartomas (p = 0.035), and compared with individuals with TSC2 pathogenic of likely pathogenic variants, NMI individuals were less likely to have epilepsy (p = 0.003) and had fewer SENs (p = 0.004). Here, TSC1 is linked to epilepsy.