Additionally, previous work has demonstrated that the combination of a TLR4 agonist with a TLR7/8 agonist leads to synergistic upregulation of IFNγ, IL-12p70, and IFNα (45–49), cytokines which induce and enhance Th1 type immune responses that are particularly effective at controlling viral infections [reviewed in (50)]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and viral infectious disease.