Findings with IGFBP2 are consistent with our previous studies showing increased expression of IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 in IPF and SSc-PF (25, 26) and reinforced the crucial role that IGFBPs and the IGF pathway play in the development and perpetuation of pulmonary fibrosis (22–24). Here, IGF1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.