Figure 5 is a heatmap showing the DE genes associated with these pathways and how they cluster. For column clustering, all NL and all SSc-PF samples clustered together except for NL31 that clustered with SSc-PF samples. For row clustering, several of the DE genes involved were downregulated in SSc-PF as compared to NL (ACSS2, PCK2, PTPLA, DCI, SCD, FASN, FADS1, ADH1A, ADH1B, and ACADL). On the other end, ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1, ALDH3B2, CPT1C, PFKP, BAAT, and ADH7 were upregulated in SSc-PF. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH3A1 and systemic sclerosis.