Numerous studies have identified TAAs expressed by CRC cells as potential targets for vaccine immunotherapy, including but not limited to CEA (147, 148), WT1 (149), MUC1 (150), survivin-2B (151, 152), RNF43 (153, 154), TOMM34 (154), 5T4 (155, 156), GUCY2C (157), SART3 (158), and hTERT (159). Here, MUC1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.