INS and acute kidney injury: Many studies have previously shown that loss of FGF21 causes pathologic damage in multiple animal models, including decreased productivity of pancreatic beta cells and insulin sensitivity (Lee et al., 2018; Wanders et al., 2017), promotion of the development of fatty liver in mice followed by aggravation of liver fibrosis (Singhal et al., 2018), and even aggravation of cisplatin-induced AKI (Holditch et al., 2019).