KCNN4 and Hepatic fibrosis: For example, the expression of KCa3.1 was reportedly upregulated in a bile duct ligation model of liver fibrosis, while exposure to the KCa3.1 channel inhibitor TRAM-34 attenuated HSC proliferation, TGFβ1-induced HSC activation, as well as portal hypertension, suggestive of a profibrotic role for these channels (Freise et al., 2015).