For example, in low doses resveratrol induces gene expression signatures that mimic calorie restriction, delays ageing-related neurodegeneration, protects against obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, improves motor and cognitive functions and increases insulin-sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes61–65; all these effects remarkably overlap those of oestradiol42–49. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.