TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: As expected, the lung tissue relative mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin 1, collagen I) and of pro-fibrotic cytokines (TGFβ1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), vascular endothelial growth factor or inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly increased in TGFβ1 TG mice with lung fibrosis compared to WT and TGFβ1 TG mice without fibrosis (Supplementary Table 2).