BDNF and its cognate receptor TrkB, a member of the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase family, and AKT is one of the downstream signaling pathways to BDNF that activates TrkB, play important roles in neuronal survival, proliferation, maturation, outgrowth in the developing brain, and modulation of synaptic plasticity, which have recently been shown to be critical for functional recovery after stroke [13,14]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Stroke.