TNF and Hyperglycemia: The major finding of this study was that elevation of blood β-OHB by ingestion of a KMD did not alter LPS-stimulated caspase-1 activation or IL-1β, IL-6, or TNFα secretion measured in whole-blood cultures in the basal state or during an excursion into hyperglycemia, although ingestion of 75 g of glucose appeared to have independent effects of increasing caspase-1 activation and altering cytokine secretion.