CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: Proinflammatory molecules, including secreted cytokines and chemokines, and intracellular signaling molecular including Stat3 and NFκB play critical roles in AD pathogenesis [4–6, 23, 25].[19] These molecules are activated by, and regulate the expression of cytokines such as Il6 and chemokines such as Ccl2 to orchestrate the behavior of resident cells including smooth muscle cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells [5, 23, 26].