TIGAR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Treatment of tumor xenografts derived from TIGAR-overexpressing ESCC cells in mice showed similar results: glutamine deprivation or CB-839 treatment alone significantly suppressed tumor growth by more than 50% while 5FU/DPP alone had no significant effects under our experimental conditions; however, combination of glutamine deprivation or CB-839 with 5FU/DDP significantly repressed tumor xenograft growth (Figures 5C-D).