The regulation of these aforementioned transcription factors are done by i.a. sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nuclear deacetylase enzyme [14,15], which has been linked with diabetic retinopathy: although SIRT1 would promote cell curvival physiologically, it is inhibited in diabetic retinopathy, thus acetylation-deacetylation balance is disturbed [14,16]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and diabetic retinopathy.