The relationship between PERK and autophagy has been described in human cancer cells lines wherein hypoxia increased the transcription of genes that are important for autophagy, namely microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5); the latter represents the association between the PERK arm of the UPR system after ER stress and hypoxia-induced autophagy [98]. Here, EIF2AK3 is linked to cancer.