The expression of MCAM was significantly 25 times higher in B16F10 melanoma cells compared to TS/A carcinoma cells (Ct value for MCAM expression in B16F10 was 24.7 and for TS/A, it was 30.9; Ct value for GAPDH expression in B16F10 was 19.2 and for TS/A, it was 20.7) (Figure 2a). Here, GAPDH is linked to carcinoma.