In addition, we found an increase in the stem cell markers Oct3/4, SOX2 and SOX9 in the loss of B3GNT3 which suggests that this glycoT negatively regulates stem cell markers in HPAF/CD18 cells.18,45 In contrast, an earlier study from our group on B3GNT3 showed its role in the maintenance and self-renewal of pancreatic cancer stem cells.46 The mechanistic insights leading to these differences for B3GNT3 are current unknown. This evidence concerns the gene ITGB2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.