IL6 and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Intraperitoneal injection of EVs derived from intestinal E. coli induced host responses that resemble clinically relevant conditions, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), that were characterized by piloerection, eye exudates, hypothermia, tachypnea, leukopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dysfunction of the lungs, hypotension, systemic increases in TNF-a and IL-6 production, and lethality54.