2016). Therefore, besides polysaccharides, the main active ingredients of CNE may also include other ingredients, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. This in vivo study confirmed that CNE was a beneficial hepatoprotective agent by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signalling pathways in rats with CCl4-induced ALI. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.