In vascular endothelial cells, propranolol is considered to induce vascular contraction by suppressing NO production, inhibit renin production, control angiogenesis by regulating the expression of VEGF•bFGF•MMP2/MMP9, and induce apoptosis, but it may also affect pericytes and hemangioma stem cells.195, 196, 197. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and hemangioma.