CSF1R and neoplasm: The infiltration of TAMs in primary tumours is associated with a poorer prognosis across almost all tumours (Mantovani et al., 2017), and when macrophage infiltration in the tumour microenvironment is blocked using a colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) or colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor, the tumour burden in patients can be significantly reduced (Ries et al., 2014).