Systemic application of a specific APN inhibitor (actinonin) in a silica-induced murine model of lung fibrosis reduced chemokine secretion (e.g., IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and resulted in a decreased level of pulmonary fibrosis [181]. The gene discussed is ANPEP; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.