Intriguingly, GSEA revealed that CXCR3+ cancer cells had increased inflammatory- and JNK signaling and showed characteristics of basal cells and stem cells of the mammary gland (Fig. 8c, d and Supplementary Fig. 11), in line with the increase of CXCR3+ cells in sphere cultures (Fig. 8a). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and cancer.