In parallel assays, we observed significantly enhanced ALDH1 activity in the PDK1-rich Huh7-R cells, as demonstrated by a 24.16-fold increase in ALDH activity in the former PDK1low Huh7 cells when they acquire an IR-resistant phenotype (Huh7-R; Figure 3F), which is consistent with our predicted PDK1-ALDH1 interaction probability of 0.80 or 0.99 using the random forest (RF) or support-vector machine (SVM) classifier algorithm, respectively, as shown in Figure 3D. PDK1 interacts with ALDH and directly modulate the expression and/or activity of ALDH in HCC cells. The gene discussed is ALDH1A1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.