CHEK2 and Familial prostate cancer: Additionally, a 45,000-patient case-control study on specific subset populations found that African men and European men with CHEK2 mutations has increased risk for developing prostate cancer (OR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.53–6.03; p = 0.0006 and OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.06–4.63; p = 0.030, respectively) [71].