PIN1 and Alzheimer disease: In particular, Pin1 deregulation including PTMs is directly involved in an increasing number of pathological conditions, notably premature aging, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Lu et al., 1999a; Ryo et al., 2001, 2002; Liou et al., 2003; Bao et al., 2004; Lu, 2004; Akiyama et al., 2005; Pastorino et al., 2006, 2012, 2013; Suizu et al., 2006; Yeh et al., 2006; Balastik et al., 2007; Lu and Zhou, 2007; Takahashi et al., 2007, 2008; Yeh and Means, 2007; Lee et al., 2009, 2011b; Teng et al., 2011; Nakatsu et al., 2016; Zhou and Lu, 2016; Han et al., 2017).