Moreover, miR-186 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by targeting either: MAP4K3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (34), NEK2 in gastric cancer cells (38), SKP2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (45), SHP2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (46), or targeting DDX43 (also known as HAGE, a cancer/testis antigen) in CML cells (49). Here, DDX43 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.