PDCD1 and neoplasm: As shown in Figures 3B–D, in all three TNBC models, combined neoadjuvant therapy of CBDCA and anti-PD-1 significantly reduced tumor volume of secondary breast cancers (CBDCA+α-PD-1 vs. CTRL, p < 0.0001), and consequently remarkably improved the survival rate (CBDCA+α-PD-1 vs. CTRL, p < 0.0001).