MSTN and muscular dystrophy: Hence, agents that either directly or indirectly disrupt myostatin signaling are being investigated by various pharmaceutical industries as a generic broad-spectrum therapeutic strategy to alleviate muscle loss arising from cachexia, sarcopenia, or muscular dystrophy (Rodgers and Garikipati, 2008; Lu-Nguyen et al., 2015, 2017; Camporez et al., 2016; Andre et al., 2017; Tinklenberg et al., 2017).