We focused our analysis on the effect of conditioning on TGF-β1 serum levels for the following reasons: a) TGF-β1 mRNA levels are elevated following ischemia injury in rat kidney29, b) TGF-β1 has a central role in myocardial homeostasis after ischemia and reperfusion30, c) TGF-β1 induces ROS production mainly through NOX4, and ROS in turn favors TGF-β1 activity forming a vicious cycle31 and d) TGF-β1 can induce DSBs in bystander cells in a ROS-dependent manner32. The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is ischemia.