Unlike the first extreme responder in which exhausted CD8 + T-cell preferentially were adjacent to PD-L1 + macrophages and dendritic cells, data from this patient therefore suggested enriched immune suppressive PD-L1/PD-1 signaling specifically between the PD-L1-positive cancer cells (which exhibited PD-L1/PD-L2 amplification) and exhausted CD8 + T-cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and cancer.