NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Even though previous studies have detected associations between prognosis and the phosphorylation status of selected intracellular mediators [9,10], only cytogenetic abnormalities and submicroscopic mutations of certain genes (e.g., in CEBPA, FLT3, NPM1 and TP53) are implemented in the routine prognostic evaluation and risk adapted treatment of AML patients procedures [8,11,12,13,14,15].