INS and cardiovascular disorder: There is a negative correlation between IGFBP-1 and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease such as blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, and fasting insulin levels [6–8], and in prospective studies reduced IGFBP-1 levels strongly predict the long-term development of diabetes [9–11] and of fatal coronary heart disease independently of other risk factors [12].