ILK and dilated cardiomyopathy: ILK protein levels have been shown to be elevated in hypertrophic ventricles of patients with congenital and acquired outflow tract obstruction (Lu et al., 2006), patient dilated cardiomyopathy heart samples (Chadin, Belokurova, Stepanova, Ivanova, & Shirinskii, 2006; Sopko et al., 2011), and mouse models of myocardial infarction (left anterior descending artery ligation) or pressure overload (transaortic constriction) (Sopko et al., 2011).