The tumor suppressor PTEN gene was first identified in brain, breast, and prostate cancer tissues45, then later shown to be a protein/lipid phosphatase that directly antagonizes the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) to negatively regulate the Akt pathway, which in turn plays a vital role in cell migration46,47. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and Familial prostate cancer.