Therefore, we aim to give insights into the therapeutic implications of PD-L1 expression in non-Schistosomiasis associated SD-BLCA by assessing PD-L1 expression using four different PD-L1 antibodies (DAKO 28–8, DAKO 22C3, Ventana SP263, Ventana SP142) in both a retrospective cohort including 45 mixed UC/SCC / 63 pure SCC and in tissue samples derived from a SD-BLCA index patient who showed excellent response of pulmonary metastasis upon nivolumab treatment. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is schistosomiasis.