Reis et al. confirmed strong PD-L1 expression in immune and tumour cells in 16 urothelial cancers with squamous differentiation [19], however, a comprehensive study involving the most prominent diagnostic PD-L1 antibodies and corresponding scoring algorithms (immune cell (IC)-score, tumour proportion (TP)-score and combined positivity score (CPS)) in non-Schistosomiasis SCC is still missing. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and schistosomiasis.