Interestingly, endogenous IL-1β secretion as well as IL-1β (p17) maturation and Casp-1 (p20 and p22) cleavage were induced upon the infections of the three viruses, however, HSV-1-mediated induction was attenuated by sh-STING, but SeV- or ZIKV-mediated inductions were not affected by sh-STING (Fig 7J and 7K). Here, CASP1 is linked to infection.