NLRC4 and infection: However, during later stages of infection, Salmonella dampen NAIP‐NLRC4 inflammasome activation by reducing SPI‐1 expression and up‐regulating the more immunologically silent SPI‐2 T3SS (Miao, Mao, et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2016; Pérez‐Morales et al., 2017; Reyes Ruiz et al., 2017) and down‐regulating flagellin expression (Cummings, Wilkerson, Bergsbaken, & Cookson, 2006; Ilyas et al., 2018).