TNFSF13B and systemic lupus erythematosus: Therapy-wise, evidence from observational and controlled studies shows that discontinuation or no use of hydroxychloroquine may result in increased risk (OR 2.5) for SLE flares, including renal flares.75,76 Finally, although an array of putative disease biomarkers are currently being examined in SLE, only serum BLyS (B Lymphocyte Stimulator) has been tested in the context of randomized controlled trials, where baseline concentrations ≥2 ng/ml were shown to predict (HR 1.5–1.9) severe flares over a period of one year.72