IL4 and acute kidney injury: Further, Cao et al. [32] have shown that treatment with recombinant IL-33 increases serum and kidney levels of IL-4 and IL-13 along with increased frequency of ILC2s (as well as regulatory macrophages and T cells) in mice kidney subjected to IRI; these changes were associated with reduced renal structural injury and functional abnormalities and improved survival of mice subjected to AKI.