Therefore, families of tumor inductors that were reported in CSCCs comprise a large set of miRNAs (e.g. miR-21, miR-205 miR-365, miR-31, miR-186, miR-142, and miR-135b) that act generally on PTEN, PDCD4, GRHL3 HOXA9, and RhoBTB, these genes being involved in seminal pro-tumorigenic processes like tumor growth, invasion, migration, maintenance of stem cell properties, and hindrance of apoptosis. The gene discussed is PDCD4; the disease is neoplasm.