The enriched genes in the ‘pathways in cancer’ in DIE were COL4A3, COL4A6, PTGER3, RAD51, F2R, while OE seems to be associated with ‘pathways in cancer’ mainly by PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related genes, such as FN1, GNG2, KIT, PTGS2, PDGFRA, LPAR1, CCND1, ITGA6, FGFR3, VEGFA, PIK3R1, FGFR2, MET, indicated by both microarray training datasets and RNA-sequencing validation dataset (Tables S3 and S4). Here, PTGS2 is linked to cancer.