Treatment with P.oleracea significantly reduced total WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, NO2, and NO3, MDA, interstitial fibrosis, emphysema, interstitial inflammation and epithelial damage, but increased lymphocyte, SOD, CAT and thiol levels compared to asthma group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Here, SOD1 is linked to pulmonary emphysema.