Another interesting study evaluated fecal S100A12 in the setting of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in Extremely Low Birthweight (ELBW, <1000 g) infants and found that in the 5 days prior to NEC symptom onset, there was a steep 9.8-fold rise in fecal median total bacterial CFU/g counts and a 21.6-fold rise in fecal median E. coli CFU/g counts, with p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively [55]. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.