TNF and infection: The authors also found that compared to uninfected ferrets, C. jejuni-infected ferrets had elevated levels of IL-10 and TNF-α, by 3-fold and 2-fold (p < 0.05), respectively, and populations of granulocytes and macrophages trafficked to and peaked in colonic tissue early in the infection course (day 3), followed by gradual resolution at day seven.