Consistent with our findings in humans, the levels of ADM mRNA (Fig. 1d) and protein (Fig. 1e) were almost only detected in WT H. pylori-infected mice, reaching a peak 21 days post infection (p.i.), indicating that a role for cagA is involved in the induction of ADM in gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection. Here, S100A8 is linked to infection.